The modernist school of interpretation denies the predictive element in prophecy altogether, arguing either that the predictions were written down after the events thus foretold took place or that such predictions reflected nothing more than the prophets hopes for the future, or those of his people. The prophet Jonah was a Galilean from Gath-hepher. By Which king? In which century B.C. Technical know-how would render products made in Israel superior to all others. The kingdom was divided following Solomons death (see 1 Kings 11:33-38). WebIn Judea: prophecy of Zephaniah, Jeremiah, Obadiah, and Habakkuk In Babylon: prophecy of Ezekiel. The transition from literal Israel to spiritual Israel, or the Christian church, is the subject of Romans 9-11. The formal rejection of Jesus by the Jews, as a nation, marked the close of their last opportunity as the special agents of God for the salvation of the world. It is thought, furthermore, that his ministry fell in the years when the high priest Jehoiada acted as regent for the child king Joash (2 Kings 11:17 to 12:2), which fact would explain why the king is not mentioned anywhere in the book, while at the same time the Temple service flourished. Micah, Hosea, and Jeremiah. When they brought forth wild grapes instead of the mature fruit of character, He inquired, What could have been done more to my vineyard, that I have not done in it? (Isaiah 5:1-7). They are called minor prophets because their books are less in size (these books are all very small and contain few Through His people Christ is to manifest His character and the principles of His kingdom. Remember that the record of Gods dealings with His people in ages past has been recorded for the benefit of all later generations to the end of time. 3. Isaiah 54:7; Ezekiel 36:11; 43:10, 11; Micah 6:8; Zechariah 10:6). Isaiah 3:12; 9:16) meant the permanent, irrevocable cancellation of their special standing before God as a nation (cf. Jeremiah 1:7 But the LORD told me: "Do not say, 'I am only a child.' He dies while in Egypt. All three of these guys have overwhelming experience where they are called to be prophets. Micah was a prophet from Moresheth-gath (chapter 1:1, 14), probably Tell ejJudeideh in southwestern Judah. See Exodus 31:2-6; 35:33, 35. Several of his messages were against various foreign nations. This period spanned the reigns of five kings of Judah: Josiah, Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin, and Zedekiah. These promises of prosperity and a successful mission were to have met fulfillment in large measure during the centuries following the return of the Israelites from the lands of their captivity. When the probationary period of 490 years ended, the nation was still obdurate and impenitent, and as a result forfeited its privileged role as His representative on earth. ), through the reigns of Jotham and Ahaz, to the end of King Hezekiah's rule in 686 (Isa. 740-700 B.C. He was therefore a somewhat younger contemporary of Isaiah, to whose vocabulary and terminology his prophecies show great similarity (Micah 4:1-4; cf. 34:23) 622 Jeremiah 11 and 12 are given. Foskey, however, is far from a lock to be selected with one of the 31 first-round selections. Jesus own verdict was, The kingdom of God shall be taken from you, and given to a nation bringing forth the fruits thereof (Matthew 21:43; cf. After the murder of Gedaliah, the new governor of Judea, the Jews of Mizpah, fearing the revenge of Nebuchadnezzar, went to Egypt and took with them Jeremiah as well as his secretary Baruch (chapter 43:6). Captivity, he said, had confirmed the curse that came because of disobedience (verses 11, 12) and Jerusalem lay desolate (verses 16-19). When the siege of Jerusalem was temporarily lifted at the approach of an Egyptian force, Jeremiah started to leave Jerusalem to go to the land of the tribe of Benjamin. To this can be added the mention of Greeks (chapter 3:6), who hardly played a role in Near Eastern history earlier than the 7th century. 2. The consecutive order of the book of Haggai would indicate that his whole recorded ministry lasted not longer than 31/2 months, beginning (chapter 1:1) on August 29, 520 B.C., and extending, in his last two recorded speeches (chapter 2:10, 20), to December 18, 520. This form literally means that the stretching of the heavens was completed or finished some time ago. Daniel 2:35). 5. Hearing of all the advantages with which the God of Israel had blessed His people and all the prosperity He had procured for them (Jeremiah 33:9), the pagan nations would admit that their own fathers had inherited lies (chapter 16:19). did Isaiah primarily live? From the visible their minds were to be directed to the invisible, from the seen to the unseen, from the material to the spiritual, from the temporal to the eternal. 2. Thus Israel was to blossom and bud, and fill the face of the world with fruit (Isaiah 27:6). 1-39, 40-55, 55-66. It is ever the privilege of those who witness the fulfillment of prophecy to remember and believe (John 13:19; 14:29; John 16:4). They eagerly sought the power of His kingdom, but were unwilling to be guided by its principles. But to go beyond that which is clearly set forth by Inspirationin the immediate context of the passage concerned, in the New Testament, or in the Spirit of prophecyis to substitute personal opinion for a plain Thus saith the Lord. Where Inspiration has not thus clearly spoken it is our privilege to compare scripture with scripture in an endeavor to understand more perfectly the mind of the Spirit. WebJeremiah 15:1 Then the LORD said to me: "Even if Moses and Samuel should stand before Me, My heart would not go out to this people. Yet, since Gods purposes are immutable (Psalms 33:11; Prov. Isaiahs whole ministry from Uzziah to Manasseh must therefore have lasted more than half a century. There are 12 minor prophets: the last 12 books in the Old Testament. The exposition of Scripture attempted by proponents of the British-Israel theory consists of an admixture of selected Bible passages with legend, folk tales, and speculation. Many years later, in writing to the strangers, or Gentiles (1 Peter 1:1: see on Exodus 12:19, 43), as the elect of God (1 Peter 1:2), Peter refers to them as the chosen ones of God, a holy nation, a peculiar people (chapter 2:9), formerly not a people, but now the people of God (verse 10). They forfeited Gods blessing because of failure to fulfill His purpose in making them His chosen people, and thus brought ruin upon themselves. 740-680 BC (8th Century) question. Hosea. However, there is no valid reason why Malachi should not be considered a proper name. A clear understanding of these aspects of the problem is essential to the formulation of a valid procedure for interpreting the messages of the Old Testament prophets. He will listen to the prophet speaking to Israel of old and endeavor to understand what his words meant to the people who originally heard them. 1. The blessings thus assured to Israel are, on the same conditions and in the same degree, assured to every nation and to every individual under the broad heavens. National greatness. Observe the conditional aspects of the prediction and ascertain whether or not, or to what extent, the conditions were met. They brought forth wild grapes rather than the mature fruit of a Godlike character (Isaiah 5:1-7; cf. 1 Kings 22:28). One royal visitor to Jerusalem exclaimed, The half was not told me! (1 Kings 10:1-9). One column provides a list of certain special events of this periodsome of a political nature, concerning the nations surrounding Israel and Judah, others of a domestic nature. It was to be the result of wholehearted cooperation with the will of God as revealed through the prophets, and of divine blessing added to human efforts. Without this, the people of Israel would not qualify to receive the material blessings God designed to bestow upon them. Not only is Malachi last in the sequential order of the prophets; it is also the last prophetic book produced in pre-Christian times. The modernist school of interpretation bases its position on the a priori assumption that any knowledge of the future is impossible, and ignores all evidence to the contrary. The Bible contains more information about his life and times than any other prophet. Tell them that in Isaiah 9, Jesus entire life and death is referenced. seem to refer to those recorded in 2 Kings 8:20-22 and 2 Chronicles 21:8-10, 16, while nothing points to the troubles caused by Hazael, as narrated in 2 Kings 12:17, 18 and 2 Chronicles 24:23, 24, it has been concluded that Joel gave his messages during the time lying between these two events. But here, as in all exposition of Scripture, we should avoid affirming as the explicit teachings of the Bible that which is our private, finite view, however plausible it may appear to be. Nation after nation would come over (Isaiah 45:14), that is, be joined with and cleave to the house of Jacob (chapter 14:1). Since only these two kings are mentioned, Amos seems to have prophesied during the time when both kings were sole rulers in their respective kingdoms. Whatever the Jews, as a nation, may do, now or in time to come, is in no way related to the former promises made to them. WebWhat are the common divisions of Isaiah made by contemporary scholars? Zechariah probably belonged to a priestly family (chapter 1:1; cf. It is important to note that all the Old Testament promises looking forward to a time of restoration for the Jews were given in anticipation of their return from captivity (see Isaiah 10:24-34; 14:1-7; 27:12, 13; 40:2; 61:4-10; Jeremiah 16:14-16; 23:3-8; 25:11; 29:10-13; 30:3-12; 32:7-27, 37-44; Ezekiel 34:11-15; 37; Amos 9:10-15; Micah 2:12, 13; etc.). Christianity is a historical religion, and its inspired messages are anchored to the hills and valleys, the deserts and rivers, of the ancient world, and to literal men and women who once walked the earth. Josiah was also still a young king, having reached the age of but 21 years at that time. For these reasons Daniels extended prophetic ministry can be dated approximately from 603 to 535 B.C. Had Israel measured up to the noble ideal, all of the promises contingent upon obedience would long since have been fulfilled. Human traditions came to be honored in place of the revealed will of God (see on Mark 7:6-9). Finally, it was demonstrated before the universe that, apart from God, humanity could not be uplifted, and that a new element of life and power must be imparted by Him who made the world. Although no chronological data are found in the book, certain statements permit a comparatively exact dating of Habakkuks prophecies. The establishment of the Hebrew monarchy did not affect the basic principles of the theocracy (Deuteronomy 17:14-20; 1 Samuel 8:7). Strangely, no evidence suggests that any of these knew in person any of the others. chapter 9:7; Isaiah 66:23). That some of the words he uses are also found in Jeremiah (Obadiah 1, 3, 4; cf. Those nations that rejected the worship and service of the true God, were to be dispossessed, and Israel would inherit the Gentiles chapter (54:3). That which God purposed to do for the world through Israel, the chosen nation, He will finally accomplish through His church on earth to-day. Also, Jeremiah (chapter 26:18), quoting Micah (chapter 3:12), testifies that Micah ministered during Hezekiahs time. What Is the Significance of the Interjection Aha? The sanctuary became Gods dwelling place among them (see Exodus 25:8), its priests were ordained to minister before Him (Hebrews 5:1; 8:3), its services provided an object lesson of the plan of salvation and prefigured the coming of the Messiah (1 Corinthians 5:7; Colossians 2:16, 17; Hebrews 9:1-10; 10:1-12). WebThe major prophets are Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel, and the other twelve (Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi) are minor. Theoretically, the word minor signifies not lesser moral or religious or literary stature but only lesser length. Ezekiel 38:16, 18-23; 39:1-7). WebFrom the time of King Josiah, Jeremiah was the Lords prophet in Jerusalem. He would be king over all the earth verses (3, 8, 9), and His dominion from sea even to sea, even to the ends of the earth (chapter 9:9, 10). Any idea that the return of the Jews to their ancestral home, that is, to the new state of Israel, may in any way be related to Bible prophecy is without valid scriptural foundation. Nehemiah 12:12, 16). According to Jewish tradition Isaiah was sawn asunder. Literal Jews may still find salvation by being grafted into spiritual Israel, in precisely the same way that Gentiles are to be grafted in (verses 23, 24). A Anathoth 51 Q Who became king of Babylon about the same time as Jeremiah was called by God? A study of the Old Testament prophets that consists primarily of lifting selected passages here and there out of their historical context and arbitrarily applying them to our dayas if the prophet spoke exclusively for our benefitis fraught with grave danger. He states that he ministered under King Josiah (chapter 1:1), who reigned from 640 to 609 B.C. It is impossible to date the devastating plague of locusts that the prophet so vividly describes and compares with the terrors of the coming day of judgment. The glorious era of David and Solomon marked what might have been the beginning of Israels golden age). In view of the light they had received from God, they were even worse than the heathen, to whom they felt so much superior. Acts 1:6), to appear as a liberator and conqueror, and to exalt Israel to dominion over all nations (see on Luke 4:19). Again and again He had warned His people that captivity would be the result of disobedience (see Deuteronomy 4:9; 8:9; 28:1, 2, 14, 18; Jeremiah 18:7-10; 26:2-16; Zechariah 6:15; etc.). Accordingly, the covenant promises and privileges were all permanently transferred from literal to spiritual Israel (Romans 9:4; cf. Enigmatic is his statement that this 5th year of captivity was also the thirtieth year. It is believed that the prophet refers either to his own age or to that year as the 30th year reckoned from the reform which took place during the 18th year of Josiah. He played an important role during two momentous periods: (1) under Ahaz, during the war between Syria and Israel (chapters 7-11), and (2) under Hezekiah, during a siege of Jerusalem by Sennacherib chapters 36; 37). Unfortunately, Nehemiahs second term as governor cannot be dated, which fact makes it also somewhat difficult to date Malachi. This situation fits best the time prior to the rise of the Chaldean Empire under Nabopolassar, who began to reign in 626/25 B.C., and who, with the Medes, was responsible for the destruction of Assyria.
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